Illustrations of chemical apparatus from a medieval Syrian manuscript studied by the French chemist M. Berthelot. These sketchy drawings are easily recognisable as similar to European alchemical equipment.
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 Alembic with receiving flask. |
 Digestion apparatus with an upper flask inverted upon a lower. |
 Long necked digestion flask set in a cylindrical furnace probably filled with hot ashes. |
 Digestion apparatus with condensing flask above, probably for fractional distillation |
 Apparatus for sublimation set on a rectangular furnace. |
 Kerotakis, in which a substance is heated on a plate within the vessel. |
 Simple retort. |