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Alchemical to Modern Chemical Symbolism - Paul Ferguson - 07-15-2024
"The alchemical symbols for metals, acids, bases and salts were still in everyday use in much of the 18th century. The modern notation, which we use today, is due to Berzelius, but the transition was long and arduous and took place between ca. 1775 and 1820 roughly simultaneously with but distinct from the Chemical Revolution. The notations of Bergman and Dalton (pictured) were stages of the process, which had to deal with the thorny questions of affinity, stoichiometry, the forces that bind atoms together in molecules, and the constitution of molecules."
Open access article from ChemPlusChem
https://chemistry-europe.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/cplu.202400033